What Are Some Animals That Have Gone Extinct

Biodiversity of large mammal species per continent before and later humans' arrival

• Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
• Critically endangered (CR): 203 species
• Endangered (EN): 505 species
• Vulnerable (VU): 536 species
• Well-nigh threatened (NT): 345 species
• Least concern (LC): 3,306 species
• Data deficient (DD): 872 species

Mammalian species (IUCN, 2020-1)

• 5850 extant species take been evaluated
• 4978 of those are fully assessed^[a]
• 3651 are not threatened at present^[b]
• 1244 to 2116 are threatened^[c]
• 81 to 83 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
  • 81 extinct (EX) species^[d]
  • 2 extinct in the wild (EW)
  • 0 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
  • 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]

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1. ^ excludes data deficient evaluations.
2. ^ NT and LC.
3. ^ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper gauge additionally includes DD.
4. ^ Chart omits extinct (EX) species

Recently extinct mammals are defined by the International Matrimony for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) every bit any mammals that have become extinct since the year 1500 CE.^[1] Since then, roughly 80 mammal species have get extinct.^[ii]

Extinction of taxa is hard to confirm, as a long gap without a sighting is non definitive, but before 1995 a threshold of fifty years without a sighting was used to declare extinction.^[one]

One study found that extinction from habitat loss is the hardest to detect, as this might but fragment populations to the point of concealment from humans. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.^[1] For example, a report constitute that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered.^[three]

As of December 2015, the IUCN listed thirty mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".^[iv]

Conventions [edit]

All species listed as "Extinct" are classified as being extinct (no known remaining individuals left) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). All species listed as Extinct in the wild are classified as being extinct in the wild, significant that all remaining individuals of the species reside in captivity. All species listed as "Possibly extinct" are classified as beingness critically endangered, as information technology is unknown whether or non these species are extinct.^[five] Extinct subspecies such as the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)^[6] are non listed here as the species, in this case Panthera tigris, is withal extant. The IUCN Redlist classification for each species serves as a citation, and the superscripted "IUCN" by the date is a link to that species' folio. A range map is provided wherever available, and a description of their old or current range is given if a range map is not available.

Causes of extinction [edit]

Habitat deposition is currently the master anthropogenic cause of species extinctions. The primary crusade of habitat degradation worldwide is agriculture, with urban sprawl, logging, mining and some fishing practices shut backside. The physical devastation of a habitat, both direct (deforestation for land evolution or lumber) and indirectly (burning fossil fuels), is an example of this.^{[seven] [eight]}

As well, increasing toxicity, through media such equally pesticides, tin can kill off a species very apace, past killing all living members through contamination or sterilizing them. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), for example, can bioaccumulate to hazardous levels, getting increasingly more than unsafe farther up the food chain.^[9]

Affliction can likewise be a cistron: white nose syndrome in bats, for example, is causing a substantial decline in their populations and may even pb to the extinction of a species.^[10]

Overhunting besides has an bear on. Terrestrial mammals, such every bit the tiger and deer, are mainly hunted for their pelts and in some cases meat, and marine mammals can exist hunted for their oil and leather. Specific targeting of one species tin can be problematic to the ecosystem because the sudden demise of one species can inadvertently lead to the demise of another (coextinction) especially if the targeted species is a keystone species. Ocean otters, for example, were hunted in the maritime fur trade, and their drop in population led to the rise in sea urchins—their main nutrient source—which decreased the population of kelp—the body of water urchin's and Steller's sea cow'south main food source—leading to the extinction of the Steller's ocean cow.^[11] The hunting of an already limited species tin can easily lead to its extinction, as with the bluebuck whose range was confined to one,700 square miles (4,400 km²) and which was hunted into extinction soon afterward discovery by European settlers.^[12]

Commonwealth of australia [edit]

Isle creatures are usually owned to only that island, and that express range and small population tin can leave them vulnerable to sudden changes.^[13] While Commonwealth of australia is a continent and not an isle, due to its geographical isolation, its unique fauna has suffered an extreme turn down in mammal species, x% of its 273 terrestrial mammals, since European settlement (a loss of 1 to ii species per decade); in contrast, only one species in Northward America has get extinct since European settlement. Furthermore, 21% of Commonwealth of australia's mammals are threatened, and unlike in nigh other continents, the main cause is predation past feral species, such as cats.^[14]

Extinct species [edit]

A species is declared extinct after exhaustive surveys of all potential habitats eliminate all reasonable uncertainty that the last private of a species, whether in the wild or in captivity, has died.^[fifteen] Recently extinct species are defined by the IUCN as becoming extinct after 1500 CE.^[ane]

Common name	Binomial name	Society	Date of extinction	Former range	Picture
Broad-faced potoroo	Potorous platyops Gould, 1844	Diprotodontia	1875 1	Commonwealth of australia
Eastern hare wallaby	Lagorchestes leporides Gould, 1841	Diprotodontia	1889 ane	Australia
Lake Mackay hare-wallaby	Lagorchestes asomatus Finlayson, 1943	Diprotodontia	1932 i	Commonwealth of australia
Desert rat-kangaroo	Caloprymnus campestris Gould, 1843	Diprotodontia	1935 i	Australia
Thylacine, or Tasmanian wolf/tiger	Thylacinus cynocephalus Harris, 1808	Dasyuromorphia	1936 1	Australia, Tasmania
Toolache wallaby	Macropus greyi Waterhouse, 1846	Diprotodontia	1939 1	Australia
Desert bandicoot	Perameles eremiana Spencer, 1837	Peramelemorphia	1943 1	Australia
New South Wales barred bandicoot[16]	Perameles fasciata Grey, 1841	Peramelemorphia	mid-19th century	Australia
Southwestern barred bandicoot[xvi]	Perameles myosuros Wagner, 1841	Peramelemorphia	mid-19th century	Commonwealth of australia
Southern barred bandicoot[16]	Perameles notina Thomas, 1922	Peramelemorphia	mid-19th century	Australia
Ooldea barred bandicoot[xvi]	Perameles papillon Travouillon & Phillips, 2018	Peramelemorphia	early 20th century	Australia
Lesser bilby, or Yallara	Macrotis leucura Thomas, 1887	Peramelemorphia	1960s 1	Australia
Southern pig-footed bandicoot	Chaeropus ecaudatus Ogilby, 1838	Peramelemorphia	1950s i	Australia
Northern pig-footed bandicoot	Chaeropus yirratji Travouillon et al., 2019	Peramelemorphia	1950s
Crescent blast-tail wallaby	Onychogalea lunata Gould, 1841	Diprotodontia	1956 1	Australia (western and cardinal)
Red-bellied gracile opossum, or cerise-bellied gracile mouse opossum	Cryptonanus ignitus Díaz, Flores and Barquez, 2002	Didelphimorphia	1962 1	Argentina
Nullarbor dwarf bettong	Bettongia pusilla McNamara, 1997	Diprotodontia	early 1500s 1	Australia (Nullarbor Plain)
Steller'south sea moo-cow	Hydrodamalis gigas von Zimmermann, 1780	Sirenia	1768 1	Commander Islands (Russia, United States)
Bramble Cay melomys	Melomys rubicola Thomas, 1924	Rodentia	2016 ane	Australia (Bramble Cay)
Oriente cavern rat	Boromys offella Miller, 1916	Rodentia	early 1500s 1	Cuba
Torre'south cave rat	Boromys torrei Allen, 1917	Rodentia	early 1500s i	Republic of cuba
Imposter hutia	Hexolobodon phenax Miller, 1929	Rodentia	early on 1500s one	Hispaniola (currently Haiti and the Dominican Commonwealth)
Montane hutia	Isolobodon montanus Miller, 1922	Rodentia	early 1500s i	Hispaniola
Dwarf viscacha	Lagostomus crassus Thomas, 1910	Rodentia	early 1900s 1	Republic of peru
Galápagos giant rat	Megaoryzomys curioi Niethammer, 1964	Rodentia	1500s 1	Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)
Cuban coney	Geocapromys columbianus Chapman, 1892	Rodentia	early on 1500s 1	Cuba
Hispaniolan edible rat	Brotomys voratus Miller, 1916	Rodentia	1536–1546 1	Hispaniola
Puerto Rican hutia	Isolobodon portoricensis Allen, 1916	Rodentia	early 1900s 1	Hispaniola; introduced to Puerto Rico, Saint Thomas Island, Saint Croix, U.Southward. Virgin Islands and Mona Island
Big-eared hopping mouse	Notomys macrotis Thomas, 1921	Rodentia	1843 i	Australia (primal Western Commonwealth of australia)
Darling Downs hopping mouse	Notomys mordax Thomas, 1921	Rodentia	1846 i	Australia (Darling Downs, Queensland)
White-footed rabbit-rat	Conilurus albipes Lichtenstein, 1829	Rodentia	early 1860s 1	Commonwealth of australia (eastern coast)
Capricorn rabbit rat	Conilurus capricornensis Cramb and Hocknull, 2010	Rodentia	early on 1500s i	Commonwealth of australia (Queensland)
Brusk-tailed hopping mouse	Notomys amplus Brazenor, 1936	Rodentia	1896 ane	Australia (Great Sandy Desert)
Long-tailed hopping mouse	Notomys longicaudatus Gould, 1844	Rodentia	1901 1	Australia
Keen hopping mouse	Notomys robustus Mahoney, Smith and Medlin, 2008	Rodentia	mid-1800s 1	Australia (Flinders and Davenport Ranges)
Desmarest'south pilorie, or Martinique giant rice rat	Megalomys desmarestii Fischer, 1829	Rodentia	1902 1	Martinique
Saint Lucia pilorie, or Saint Lucia giant rice rat	Megalomys luciae Major, 1901	Rodentia	1881 1	Saint Lucia
Bulldog rat	Rattus nativitatis Thomas, 1888	Rodentia	1903 one	Christmas Island
Maclear's rat	Rattus macleari Thomas, 1887	Rodentia	1903 1	Christmas Island
Darwin's Galápagos mouse	Nesoryzomys darwini Osgood, 1929	Rodentia	1930 i	Galápagos Islands
Gould'south mouse	Pseudomys gouldii Waterhouse, 1839	Rodentia	1930 1	Australia (southern half)
Plains rat, or Palyoora	Pseudomys auritus Thomas, 1910	Rodentia	early 1800s 1	Australia (Kangaroo Island and the Younghusband Peninsula)
Pemberton'southward deer mouse	Peromyscus pembertoni Burt, 1932	Rodentia	1931 ane	San Pedro Nolasco Island, Mexico
Samaná hutia	Plagiodontia ipnaeum Johnson, 1948	Rodentia	early on 1500s [a] i	Hispaniola
Hispaniola monkey	Antillothrix bernensis MacPhee, Horovitz, Arredondo, & Jimenez Vasquez, 1995	Primates	early 16th century	Hispaniola (currently Dominican Republic)
Lesser stick-nest rat, or white-tipped stick-nest rat	Leporillus apicalis John Gould, 1854	Rodentia	1933 one	Australia (due west-cardinal)
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse	Nesoryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899	Rodentia	1934 ane	Galápagos Islands
Little Swan Island hutia	Geocapromys thoracatus True, 1888	Rodentia	1955 1	Swan Islands, Republic of honduras
Blue-greyness mouse	Pseudomys glaucus Thomas, 1910	Rodentia	1956 i	Australia (Queensland, New South Wales)
Buhler's coryphomys or Buhler's rat	Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937	Rodentia	early 1500s i	W Timor, Republic of indonesia
Insular cavern rat	Heteropsomys insulans Anthony, 1916	Rodentia	early 1500s 1	Vieques Isle, Puerto Rico
Candango mouse	Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965	Rodentia	1960 1	Key Brazil
Anthony's woodrat	Neotoma anthonyi Allen, 1898	Rodentia	1926 1	Isla Todos Santos, Mexico
Bunker'south woodrat	Neotoma bunkeri Burt, 1932	Rodentia	1931 1	Coronado Islands, United mexican states
Vespucci'south rodent	Noronhomys vespuccii Carleton and Olson, 1999	Rodentia	1500 1	Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
St. Vincent colilargo, or St. Vincent pygmy rice rat	Oligoryzomys victus Thomas, 1898	Rodentia	1892 i	Saint Vincent
Jamaican rice rat	Oryzomys antillarum Thomas, 1898	Rodentia	1877 1	Jamaica
Nelson'southward rice rat	Oryzomys nelsoni Merriam, 1889	Rodentia	1897 1	Islas Marías, Mexico
Nevis rice rat, or St. Eustatius rice rat, St. Kitts rice rat	Pennatomys nivalis Turvey, Weksler, Morris, and Nokkert, 2010	Rodentia	early 1500s [b] one	Sint Eustatius and Saint Kitts and Nevis
Christmas Isle pipistrelle	Pipistrellus murrayi Andrews, 1900	Chiroptera	2009 ane	Christmas Island
Sardinian pika	Prolagus sardus Wagner, 1832	Lagomorpha	1774 1	Corsica and Sardinia
Marcano's solenodon	Solenodon marcanoi Patterson, 1962	Eulipotyphla	1500s 1	Dominican Republic
Puerto Rican nesophontes	Nesophontes edithae Anthony, 1916	Eulipotyphla	early 1500s 1	Puerto Rico, Vieques Island, Saint John, U.Due south. Virgin Islands, and Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Atalaye nesophontes	Nesophontes hypomicrus Miller, 1929	Eulipotyphla	early 1500s 1	Hispaniola
Greater Cuban nesophontes	Nesophontes major Arredondo, 1970	Eulipotyphla	early 1500s i	Republic of cuba
Western Cuban nesophontes	Nesophontes micrus Allen, 1917	Eulipotyphla	early on 1500s 1	Cuba (including Isla de la Juventud)
St. Michel nesophontes	Nesophontes paramicrus Miller, 1929	Eulipotyphla	early 1500s 1	Hispaniola
Haitian nesophontes	Nesophontes zamicrus Miller, 1929	Eulipotyphla	early on 1500s one	Republic of haiti
Bottom Mascarene flying fox, or dark flying pull a fast one on	Pteropus subniger kerr, 1792	Chiroptera	1864 1	Réunion, Mauritius
Guam flying pull a fast one on, or Guam fruit bat	Pteropus tokudae Tate, 1934	Chiroptera	1968 1	Guam
Dusky flying play a joke on, or Percy Island flying play a trick on	Pteropus brunneus Dobson, 1878	Chiroptera	1870 one	Percy Islands (Australia)
Large Palau flying fox	Pteropus pilosus Andersen, 1908	Chiroptera	1874 1	Palau
Big sloth lemur	Palaeopropithecus ingens Grandidier, 1899	Primate	1620 i	In green
Aurochs	Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827	Artiodactyla	1627 1
Bluebuck	Hippotragus leucophaeus Pallas, 1766	Artiodactyla	1800 1
Red gazelle	Eudorcas rufina Thomas, 1894	Artiodactyla	belatedly 1800s 1	Algeria
Schomburgk's deer	Rucervus schomburgki Blyth, 1863	Artiodactyla	1932 1	Thailand
Queen of Sheba'south gazelle, or Yemen gazelle	Gazella bilkis Grover and Lay, 1985	Artiodactyla	1951 ane	Yemen
Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus	Hippopotamus lemerlei Milne-Edwards, 1868	Artiodactyla	early 1500s [c] i	Madagascar
Falkland Islands wolf or warrah	Dusicyon australis Kerr, 1792	Carnivora	1876 i	Falkland Islands
Burmeister's fox	Dusicyon avus Burmeister, 1866	Carnivora	early 1500s 1	Argentine republic, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay
Sea mink	Neogale macrodon Prentiss, 1903	Carnivora	1894 1	United States (Maine, Massachusetts) and Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland)
Japanese bounding main lion	Zalophus japonicus Peters, 1866	Carnivora	1970s 1	Nihon, Korea, Russia
Caribbean area monk seal	Neomonachus tropicalis Grey, 1850	Carnivora	1952 ane	Caribbean area Body of water
Giant fossa	Cryptoprocta spelea Grandidier, 1902	Carnivora	before 1658 1

Extinct in the wild [edit]

A species that is extinct in the wild is i which has been categorized past the International Spousal relationship for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as only known by living members kept in captivity or as a naturalized population outside its historic range due to massive habitat loss. A species is declared extinct in the wild later thorough surveys accept inspected its historic range and failed to find testify of a surviving individual.^[fifteen]

Mutual proper name	Binomial proper noun	Order	Date of extinction	Former range	Picture
Père David's deer	Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866	Artiodactyla	1939 1	China
Scimitar oryx	Oryx dammah Cretzschmar, 1827	Artiodactyla	2000 ane	Sahara Desert

Possibly extinct [edit]

Extinction of taxa is hard to notice, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear.^[one] For example, a report establish that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (bereft evidence) or had been rediscovered.^[3] As of December 2015, the IUCN listed 30 mammalian species as "critically endangered (possibly extinct)".^[4]

Common name	Binomial name	Order	Last confirmed sighting	Range	Picture show
Kouprey, or Wood ox	Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937	Artiodactyla	1988 1
Garrido's hutia	Capromys garridoi Varona, 1970	Rodentia	1989 ane [ dead link ]	Cayo Maja, Cuba
Christmas Isle shrew	Crocidura trichura Dobson, 1889	Eulipotyphla	1985 1
Wimmer's shrew	Crocidura wimmeri de Balsac and Aellen, 1958	Eulipotyphla	1976 1
De Winton'southward golden mole	Cryptochloris wintoni Broom, 1907	Eulipotyphla	1937 1
Fuegian dog	Lycalopex culpaeus Bridges, 1919	Lycalopex	1919 1	Argentina
Baiji, or Yangtze river dolphin	Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918	Cetacea	2002 [d] i
Zuniga's nighttime rice rat	Melanomys zunigae Sanborn	Rodentia	1949 1	Peru
Dwarf hutia	Mesocapromys nanus Allen, 1917	Rodentia	1937 one	Ciénaga de Zapata, Republic of cuba
San Felipe hutia, or Trivial globe hutia	Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Varona & Garrido, 1970	Rodentia	1978 1	Cuba
One-striped opossum	Monodelphis unistriata Wagner, 1842	Didelphimorphia	1899 1
Gloomy tube-nosed bat	Murina tenebrosa Yoshiyuki, 1970	Chiroptera	1962 ane	Tsushima Island and maybe Yaku Island, Japan
New Zealand greater short-tailed bat	Mystacina robusta Dwyer, 1962	Chiroptera	1967 1	Big South Cape Island, New Zealand
Ethiopian amphibious rat, or Ethiopian water mouse	Nilopegamys plumbeus Osgood, 1928	Rodentia	1920s 1	Mouth of the Lesser Abay River, Federal democratic republic of ethiopia
Lord Howe long-eared bat	Nyctophilus howensis McKean, 1975	Chiroptera	1972 1	Lord Howe Isle, Australia
Angel Island mouse	Peromyscus guardia Townsend, 1912	Rodentia	1991 i	Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Mexico
Puebla deer mouse	Peromyscus mekisturus Merriam, 1898	Rodentia	1950s one	Ciudad Serdan and Tehuacán, United mexican states
Telefomin cuscus	Phalanger matanim Flannery, 1987	Diprotodontia	1997 1
Montane monkey-faced bat	Pteralopex pulchra Flannery, 1991	Chiroptera	1990s 1
Aru flying fox	Pteropus aruensis Peter, 1867	Chiroptera	1877 one
Emma'south behemothic rat	Uromys emmae Groves and Flannery, 1994	Rodentia	1990s ane	Papua Province, Indonesia
Emperor rat	Uromys imperator Thomas, 1888	Rodentia	1888 1	Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
Guadalcanal rat	Uromys porculus Thomas, 1904	Rodentia	1888 1	Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
Central rock rat	Zyzomys pedunculatus Waite, 1896	Rodentia	2001 [e] one
Malabar large-spotted civet, or Malabar civet	Viverra civettina Blyth, 1862	Carnivora	late 1900s [f] one

Encounter also [edit]

• Holocene extinction
• Listing of extinct animals
• List of extinct birds
• Lists of mammals by population

Notes [edit]

1. ^ A 1985 study suggested they may have survived into the 1900s based on local legends of the "comadreja"
2. ^ At that place were reports of unusual rats on Nevis being eaten by islanders in the 1930s.^[17]
3. ^ Although, ¹⁴C dating points their extinction at 1000 C. E., a 1991 study establish they coexisted with humans and survived into the 1500s.^[18]
4. ^ The species may exist functionally extinct.^[nineteen]
5. ^ The species was presumed extinct until information technology was rediscovered in 1996. There was a possible discovery in 2015.^[20]
6. ^ The terminal confirmed sighting is unknown and their range in the wild is unconfirmed. Camera traps in Karnataka, their presumed habitat, plant no individuals after 1,084 nights in 2006.^[21]

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Fisher, Diana O.; Blomberg, Simon P. (2011). "Correlates of rediscovery and the detectability of extinction in mammals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1708): 1090–1097. doi:ten.1098/rspb.2010.1579. PMC3049027. PMID 20880890.
2. ^ Ceballos, G.; Ehrlich, A. H.; Ehrlich, P. R. (2015). The Annihilation of Nature: Human Extinction of Birds and Mammals. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins Academy Press. ISBN 1421417189. "69"
3. ^ ^{a b} Macphee, Ross D. E.; Flemming, Clare (1999). "Requiem Æternam: the terminal 5 hundred years of mammalian species extinctions". In MacPhee, Ross D. Eastward.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (eds.). Extinctions in Most Time. Advances in Vertebrate Paleobiology. Vol. 2. ISBN978-ane-4419-3315-7.
4. ^ ^{a b} "IUCN Red List version 2015.4". The IUCN Ruby List of Threatened Species. International Spousal relationship for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 3 December 2015.
5. ^ "Mayhap Extinct and Perchance Extinct in the Wild Species" (PDF). IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
6. ^ Jackson, P.; Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. sondaica". IUCN Red Listing of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T41681A10509194. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41681A10509194.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
7. ^ Primack, R. B. (2006). "Habitat destruction". Essentials of Conservation Biological science (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA.: Sinauer Assembly. pp. 177–188. ISBN978-0-87893-720-two.
8. ^ Winkelmann, Ricarda; Levermann, Anders; Ridgwell, Andy; Caldeira, Ken (2015). "Combustion of bachelor fossil fuel resources sufficient to eliminate the Antarctic Ice Sheet". Science Advances. i (viii): e1500589. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0589W. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1500589. PMC4643791. PMID 26601273.
9. ^ Kelly, B. C.; Ikonomou, Thou. G.; Blair, J. D.; Morin, A. E.; Gobas, F. A. P. C. (2007). "Food Web-Specific Biomagnification of Persistent Organic Pollutants". Science. 317 (5835): 236–239. Bibcode:2007Sci...317..236K. doi:ten.1126/scientific discipline.1138275. PMID 17626882. S2CID 52835862.
10. ^ Langwig, Chiliad.E.; W.F. Frick; J.T. Bried; A.C. Hicks; T.H. Kunz; A.M. Kilpatrick (2012). "Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates decide the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal illness, white-nose syndrome". Ecology Messages. xv (i): 1050–1057. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01829.x. PMID 22747672.
11. ^ Estes, James A.; Burdin, Alexander; Doak, Daniel F. (2016). "Body of water otters, kelp forests, and the extinction of Steller's sea cow". Proceedings of the National University of Sciences of the United states of america of America. 113 (4): 880–885. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113..880E. doi:10.1073/pnas.1502552112. PMC4743786. PMID 26504217.
12. ^ Husson, A. Chiliad.; Holthuis, L. B. (1969). "On the type of Antilope leucophaea preserved in the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie Leiden". Zoologische Mededelingen. 44: 147–157.
13. ^ van der Geer, Alexandra; Lyras, George; de Vos, John; Dermitzakis, Michael (2010). Development of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 225–227. ISBN978-1-4051-9009-1.
14. ^ Woinarskia, John C. Z.; Burbidge, Andrew A.; Harrison, Peter L. (2015). "Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: Decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (5): 4531–4540. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.4531W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1417301112. PMC4403217. PMID 25675493.
15. ^ ^{a b} IUCN Redlist Categories and Criteria (PDF) (2nd ed.). Gland, Switzerland: IUCN Species Survival Commission. 2012. ISBN978-2-8317-1435-six.
16. ^ ^{a b c d} TRAVOUILLON, KENNY J.; PHILLIPS, MATTHEW J. (vii February 2018). "Full show analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of bandicoots and bilbies (Marsupialia: Peramelemorphia): reassessment of two species and clarification of a new species". Zootaxa. 4378 (2): 224. doi:ten.11646/zootaxa.4378.ii.three. ISSN 1175-5334.
17. ^ Turvey, Samuel T.; Weksler, Marcelo; Morris, Elaine L.; Nokkert, Marker (2010). "Taxonomy, phylogeny, and diversity of the extinct Bottom Antillean rice rats (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini), with description of a new genus and species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Social club. 160 (four): 748–772. doi:ten.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00628.x.
18. ^ MacPhee, R. D. Eastward.; Burney, David A. (1991). "Dating of modified femora of extinct dwarf Hippopotamus from Southern Madagascar: Implications for constraining man colonization and vertebrate extinction events". Journal of Archaeological Scientific discipline. xviii (6): 695–706. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(91)90030-S.
19. ^ Turvey, Samuel T.; Pitman, Robert L.; Taylor, Barbara L.; Barlow, Jay; Akamatsu, Tomonari; Barrett, Leigh A.; Zhao, Xiujiang; Reeves, Randall R.; Stewart, Brent Due south.; Kexiong, Wang; Zhuo, Wei; Zhang, Xianfeng; Pusser, L. T.; Richlen, Michael; Brandon, John R.; Wang, Ding (2007). "First man-caused extinction of a cetacean species?". Biology Messages. iii (5): 537–540. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0292. PMC2391192. PMID 17686754.
20. ^ McDonald, Peters J.; Brittingham, Richie; Nano, C. E. M.; Paltridge, Rachel M. (2015). "A new population of the critically endangered central rock-rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus) discovered in the Northern Territory". Australian Mammalogy. 37: 97–100. doi:10.1071/AM14012.
21. ^ Rao, S.; Ashraf, N. V. K.; Nixon, A. G. A. (2007). "Search for the Malabar Civet Viverra civettina in Karnataka and Kerala, India, 2006–2007". Small Carnivore Conservation. 37: half-dozen–10.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_recently_extinct_mammals

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